RAILS项目自动备份数据库并上传到七牛云

发表于 | 分类于 |

这里用到一个gem，名为backup。坑是有的，不然可能不会有这篇教程。

  • 文档停留在4.0版本，有些新功能没有描述文档
  • 按4.0文档说明，是无法上传到七牛云的（国内主机无法上传到亚玛逊S3存储，国内大多上传到七牛云存储）

以下教程将解决这些问题。

  1. 在服务器root用户下安装Gem， 并指定版本：

    1
    gem install backup -v 5.0.0.beta.1

  2. 初始化执行文件：

    1
    2
    3
    backup generate:model --trigger my_backup \
        --databases="postgresql" --storages="qiniu" \
        --compressor="gzip" --notifiers="mail"

  3. 在root用户根目录下~/Backup/model/my_backup.rb文件，配置一下相关的key：

    1
    2
    3
    4
    5
    6
    7
    8
    9
    10
    11
    12
    13
    14
    15
    16
    17
    18
    19
    20
    21
    22
    23
    24
    25
    26
    27
    28
    29
    30
    31
    32
    33
    34
    35
    36
    37
    38
    39
    40
    41
    42
    43
    44
    45
    46
    47
    48
    49
    50
    51
    52
    53
    54
    55
    56
    57
    58
    59
    60
    61
    62
    63
    64
    65
    66
    67
    68
    69
    70
    71
    72
    73
    74
    # encoding: utf-8
    ##
    # Backup Generated: my_backup
    # Once configured, you can run the backup with the following command:
    #
    # $ backup perform -t my_backup [-c <path_to_configuration_file>]
    #
    # For more information about Backup's components, see the documentation at:
    # http://backup.github.io/backup
    #
    Model.new(:my_backup, 'Description for my_backup') do
      ##
      # PostgreSQL [Database]
      #
      database PostgreSQL do |db|
        # To dump all databases, set `db.name = :all` (or leave blank)
        db.name               = "my_database_name"
        db.username           = "my_username"
        db.password           = "my_password"
        db.host               = "localhost"
        db.port               = 5432
        db.socket             = "/tmp/pg.sock"
        # When dumping all databases, `skip_tables` and `only_tables` are ignored.
        db.skip_tables        = ["skip", "these", "tables"]
        db.only_tables        = ["only", "these", "tables"]
        db.additional_options = ["-xc", "-E=utf8"]
      end
      ##
      # Qiniu [Storage]
      #
      store_with Qiniu do |qiniu|
        # Qiniu Credentials
        qiniu.access_key = "my_access_key"
        qiniu.secret_key = "my_secret_key"
        qiniu.bucket     = "bucket-name"
        qiniu.keep       = 5
        qiniu.path       = "path/to/backups"
      end
      ##
      # Gzip [Compressor]
      #
      compress_with Gzip
      ##
      # Mail [Notifier]
      #
      # The default delivery method for Mail Notifiers is 'SMTP'.
      # See the documentation for other delivery options.
      #
      notify_by Mail do |mail|
        mail.on_success           = true
        mail.on_warning           = true
        mail.on_failure           = true
        mail.from                 = "sender@email.com"
        mail.to                   = "receiver@email.com"
        mail.cc                   = "cc@email.com"
        mail.bcc                  = "bcc@email.com"
        mail.reply_to             = "reply_to@email.com"
        mail.address              = "smtp.gmail.com"
        mail.port                 = 587
        mail.domain               = "your.host.name"
        mail.user_name            = "sender@email.com"
        mail.password             = "my_password"
        mail.authentication       = "plain"
        mail.encryption           = :starttls
      end
    end

  4. 保存后，每当要备份时，执行备份的指令：

    1
    $ backup perform --trigger my_backup

  5. 添加cron任务，每天定时自动备份：

    • $ crontab -e指令进入编辑，在文件的最后添加：

      1
      3 8 * * * /bin/bash -l -c '/usr/local/bin/backup perform -t my_backup'

      （以上代码表示，每天上午8点03分执行一次备份指令）

    • 最后保存退出即可。

完成！